Research Article

Recognition for Convenience! Kenya’s Foreign Policy towards South Africa under Moi’s Era (1978-1998)

Danvas Ogeto Mabeya
Southeast Community College, United States
* Corresponding author
DOI icon 10.24018/ejsocial.2021.1.6.141

Read Counter
394

Downloads
998

Citations

Share

Article Sidebar

Submitted 2021-08-31
Published 2021-12-15

Read counter = 394 times

Table of Contents

Article Main Content

During the 1970s, majority of states, including Kenya followed the practice of recognizing states and not governments. In so doing, they downplayed the granting of formal recognition to new governments. Kenya’s policy, then, was clearly stated in parliament in 1971 when the then foreign affairs minister, Dr. Njoroge Mungai, was asked to comment on the Kenya government’s position on the military regime of General Idi Amin of Uganda. He stated, “Kenya could not afford to interfere with internal matters of another state nor let any state interfere with internal matters of Kenya.” However, during the Post–Cold War period, Kenya’s recognition policy underwent major transformations to include recognition of de jure governments. This study critically examines Kenya’s recognition of South Africa government during and after the Cold War in a bid to reveal any distinct policy trends if any during Moi’s era. The study aims to ascertain how, Kenya’s recognition policy, has largely, been formulated, articulated and exercised during Moi’s administration (1978-1998). The central question of this study is this: What recognition trends emerged towards South African government under Moi’s administration (1978-1990)?

Keywords: Foreign Policy, Governments, Legitimacy, Recognition, States

References

  1. AJIL no 87 October 1993.
     Google Scholar
  2. ANC Spokesman, Finance November 1990.
     Google Scholar
  3. BBC News. (11 February 2020). Kenya’s Daniel Arap Moi: Thousands pack stadium for funeral.
     Google Scholar
  4. East, R., & Thomas, R. J. (2014). Profiles of People in Power: The World’s Government Leaders. Routledge. ISBN 9781317639404.
     Google Scholar
  5. Galloway, et al. (1985). African International Relations. London: Longman.
     Google Scholar
  6. Hansard (National Assembly Debates) VOL. XXLL 1971.
     Google Scholar
  7. Hyde in Moore and Rivier. International Law I. 56.
     Google Scholar
  8. Bryson, H.C. (26 July 2007). Kenya names ex-leader special envoy to Sudan. Reuters.
     Google Scholar
  9. Jentleson, W.B., & Paterson, G. (1997). The encyclopedia of U.S foreign relations (volume 3). New York, Oxford University Press.
     Google Scholar
  10. Jessup Philip C. (1931). The Estrada Doctrine. The American Journal of International Law, 25(4), pp. 719-723. DOI: 10.2307/2189922.
     Google Scholar
  11. Martin, D., & Robert, Mc.C. (1991). Cases and Materials on International Law. London: Blackstone.
     Google Scholar
  12. Kahawatungu. (29 August 2017). Exclusive: Former President Daniel arap Moi Suffering from Dementia.
     Google Scholar
  13. Malcolm, N.S. (1997). International Law (fourth edition). United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press.
     Google Scholar
  14. McKenna, A. (Feb 10, 2020). Daniel Arap Moi President of Kenya. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Daniel-arap-Moi
     Google Scholar
  15. Munene, M. (1997). Historical Antecedents: Changing Ideologies in Kenyan Foreign Policy. Paper presented at USIU-A/DANIDA Symposium, August 27-28.
     Google Scholar
  16. __________ (1997). Images of Kenya’s Foreign Policy in the Media. A paper presented at USIU-AFRICA/DANIDA workshop on the Foreign Policy of Kenya: Issues and Prospects, USIU-A, August 29.
     Google Scholar
  17. Musambayi, I.C. (1995). The politics of regime consolidation and entrenchment-Moi’s foreign policy 1978-1995. French Institute For Research in Africa, Nairobi.
     Google Scholar
  18. Moi sent off with 19-gun salute — VIDEO, retrieved 12 February 2020
     Google Scholar
  19. Mphaso. (29 October 2019). All about the condition former President Moi is being treated for in ICU.
     Google Scholar
  20. Joseph, N. (7 September 2016). No hanging since 1987: Is death penalty still relevant? The Star.
     Google Scholar
  21. Marc, L. (13 October 2002). Kenya’s Leader to Step Down but Not Out. New York Times.
     Google Scholar
  22. Regional Surveys of the World, Africa South of The Sahara, 29th Edition. (1999). Europa publishers.
     Google Scholar
  23. Standard Digital. (10 February 2020). Raymond: Moi was 105 years old.
     Google Scholar
  24. Stansifer, C. L. (1967). Application of the Tobar Doctrine to Central America. Americas, 23(3), 251-272.
     Google Scholar
  25. Satyavrata, R.P. (1964). A textbook of International Law. Bombay: Asia Publishing House.
     Google Scholar
  26. Society. (8 Augusy 1992). Nyamora Communications Limited.
     Google Scholar
  27. Talmon, S. (1988). Recognition of governments in international Law: with particular reference to governments in exile. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
     Google Scholar
  28. Taylor, C. (1994). Multiculturalism: Examining the politics of Recognition (et al). Princeton University.
     Google Scholar
  29. The Guardian. (30 December 2002). Kibaki sworn in as Kenyan president.
     Google Scholar
  30. David, T., & Charles, H. (1998). Multi-party Politics in Kenya: The Kenyatta & Moi States & the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election. James Currey Publishers. ISBN 9780852558041.
     Google Scholar
  31. Weekly Review (Nairobi). (February 18, 1983). p. 4.
     Google Scholar
  32. _____________________. (July 8, 1983). p. 4.
     Google Scholar
  33. _____________________. (July 8, 1983). p. 5.
     Google Scholar
  34. _____________________. (July 22, 1983). p. 4.
     Google Scholar
  35. _____________________. (July 22, 1983). p. 4.
     Google Scholar
  36. _____________________. (July 22, 1983). p. 5.
     Google Scholar
  37. _____________________. (August 12, 1983). p. 7.
     Google Scholar
  38. _____________________. (October 7, 1983). p. 5.
     Google Scholar
  39. _____________________. (December 16, 1983). p. 13.
     Google Scholar
  40. _____________________. (April 13, 1984). p. 23.
     Google Scholar
  41. _____________________. (December 21, 1984). p. 44.
     Google Scholar
  42. _____________________. (August 2, 1985). p. 13.
     Google Scholar
  43. _____________________. (August 23, 1985). p. 13.
     Google Scholar
  44. _____________________. (August 30, 1985). pp. 3-4.
     Google Scholar
  45. _____________________. (November 1, 1985). p. 4.
     Google Scholar
  46. _____________________. (November 8, 1985). pp. 16-17
     Google Scholar
  47. _____________________. (December 6, 1985). pp. 10-11.
     Google Scholar
  48. _____________________. (January 24, 1986). p. 30.
     Google Scholar
  49. _____________________. (January 31, 1986). pp. 7-8.
     Google Scholar
  50. _____________________. (January 31, 1986). p. 9.
     Google Scholar
  51. _____________________. (May 30, 1986). p. 38.
     Google Scholar
  52. _____________________. (November 7, 1986). p. 14.
     Google Scholar
  53. _____________________. (August 25, 1989). pp. 14-15.
     Google Scholar
  54. _____________________. (February 23, 1990). p. 5.
     Google Scholar
  55. _____________________. (March 30, 1990). p. 11.
     Google Scholar
  56. _____________________. (April 6, 1990). pp. 11-14.
     Google Scholar
  57. _____________________. (May 4, 1990). p. 13.
     Google Scholar
  58. _____________________. (May 4, 1990). p. 14.
     Google Scholar
  59. _____________________. (December 7, 1990). p. 6-7.
     Google Scholar
  60. _____________________. (December 21, 1990). p. 38.
     Google Scholar
  61. _____________________. (June 1991).
     Google Scholar
  62. _____________________. (May 7, 1993). p. 21.
     Google Scholar
  63. _____________________. (April 22, 1994). p. 34.
     Google Scholar
  64. _____________________. (May 6, 1994). pp. 31-35.
     Google Scholar
  65. _____________________. (May 13, 1994). p. 30.
     Google Scholar